内蒙古林业调查设计

自然保护区作为生物多样性保护的核心载体，其种子植物区系特征是揭示区域植被演化规律、制定保护策略的关键依据。本研究以永善小岩方市级自然保护区为对象，通过样地与样线相结合的方法开展野外调查，结合标本采集与鉴定，系统分析了该保护区种子植物在科、属、种三个层级的区系组成与地理特征。结果显示：保护区种子植物共计105科314属520种，物种组成较为丰富；区系地理成分复杂多样，科、属分布型分别涵盖10个和15个分布型（含18个变型），反映出其与全球多个区域存在广泛联系。在属的组成上，北温带分布型占主导地位（74属，占非世界分布属的25.85%），表明其显著的温带属性；东亚分布型亦占较高比例（48属，占非世界分布属的16.79%），且包含多个华中区系代表成分，表明其与华中植物区系联系紧密；此外，保护区分布有中国特有属11属（占非世界分布属的3.85%），包括珙桐属（Davidia）、筇竹属（Qiongzhuea）等，体现出一定的区系特有性。综合分析表明，该保护区植物区系具有典型的亚热带-温带过渡特征，以温带成分为主体（56.28%），兼具热带属性（39.87%）和华中区系特色，是我国西南山地生物多样性保护与区系演化研究的重要节点。本研究可为该保护区植物资源管理与生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

As the core site for biodiversity conservation, the floristic spectrum of seed plants in a nature reserve provides the key to deciphering regional vegetation evolution and formulating protection strategies. This study takes Yongshan Xiaoyanfang Municipal Nature Reserve as the research object, conducts field investigations through the method of combining sample plots and sample lines, and systematically analyzes the floristic composition and geographical characteristics of seed plants in the reserve at the three levels of family, genus and species by combining specimen collection and identification. In total, 520 species, 314 genera and 105 families were recorded, indicating a rich flora. The areal-types of both families(10 types) and genera(15 types plus 18 subtypes) are diverse, revealing extensive biogeographic links. At generic level, the NorthTemperate element predominates(74 genera, 25.85% of non-cosmopolitan genera), indicating a marked temperate character. The East-Asian element is also prominent(48 genera, 16.79%),containing several representatives typical of the Central-China flora and evidencing a close relationship. 11 genera(3.85%) are endemic to China, including Davidia and Qiongzhuea,underscoring a certain degree of endemism. Integrative analysis demonstrates that the reserve occupies a subtropical-to-temperate transition zone: temperate components account for 56.28% of the flora, tropical elements contribute 39.87%, and Central-China affinities are notable. The area constitutes a crucial node for biodiversity conservation and floristic evolution in the mountains of south-western China, and the data presented provide a scientific basis for plant-resource management and biodiversity safeguarding within the reserve.